定义 mirror(a,b):值相等且 a.left 对 b.right、a.right 对 b.left。
OJ: leetcodecn
题目 ID: symmetric-tree
难度:入门
标签:二叉树递归BFScpppython
日期: 2026-07-28 22:05
题意
判断二叉树是否轴对称(镜像对称)。
思路
递归定义:两棵树互为镜像当且仅当根值相等且 a.left 与 b.right 镜像、a.right 与 b.left 镜像。根节点的左右子树就是一对待检查的镜像。
代码
cpp
/**
* Author by Rainboy
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct TreeNode {
int val;
TreeNode *left, *right;
TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
bool isSymmetric(TreeNode *root) {
if (!root)
return true;
function<bool(TreeNode *, TreeNode *)> dfs = [&](TreeNode *a, TreeNode *b) {
if (!a && !b)
return true;
if (!a || !b)
return false;
return a->val == b->val && dfs(a->left, b->right) && dfs(a->right, b->left);
};
return dfs(root->left, root->right);
}
};
TreeNode *build(istream &in, int n) {
if (!n)
return nullptr;
vector<TreeNode *> nodes(n);
for (int i = 0, v; i < n; i++) {
in >> v;
if (v != -1)
nodes[i] = new TreeNode(v);
}
queue<TreeNode *> q;
TreeNode *root = nodes[0];
if (root)
q.push(root);
int idx = 1;
while (!q.empty() && idx < n) {
auto cur = q.front();
q.pop();
if (idx < n) {
cur->left = nodes[idx];
if (nodes[idx])
q.push(nodes[idx]);
idx++;
}
if (idx < n) {
cur->right = nodes[idx];
if (nodes[idx])
q.push(nodes[idx]);
idx++;
}
}
return root;
}
int main() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
int n;
cin >> n;
auto root = build(cin, n);
cout << Solution().isSymmetric(root) << '\n';
return 0;
}python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from collections import deque
from typing import Optional
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, x):
self.val = x
self.left = None
self.right = None
class Solution:
def isSymmetric(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
def dfs(a, b):
if not a and not b:
return True
if not a or not b:
return False
return a.val == b.val and dfs(a.left, b.right) and dfs(a.right, b.left)
return dfs(root.left, root.right) if root else True
def build(arr):
if not arr:
return None
nodes = [TreeNode(v) if v != -1 else None for v in arr]
q = deque()
root = nodes[0]
if root:
q.append(root)
idx = 1
while q and idx < len(arr):
cur = q.popleft()
if idx < len(arr):
cur.left = nodes[idx]
if nodes[idx]:
q.append(nodes[idx])
idx += 1
if idx < len(arr):
cur.right = nodes[idx]
if nodes[idx]:
q.append(nodes[idx])
idx += 1
return root
def main() -> None:
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
root = build(a)
print(Solution().isSymmetric(root))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()复杂度
- 时间复杂度:O(n)。
- 空间复杂度:O(height)。
总结
对称树的递归定义本身就是镜像检查的算法。