环形链表

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Floyd 快慢指针,slow 走一步 fast 走两步,相遇则有环。

OJ: leetcodecn

题目 ID: linked-list-cycle

难度:入门

标签:链表双指针哈希表cpppython

日期: 2026-07-28 22:05

题意

判断链表是否有环。

思路

哈希集合记录已访问节点 O(n) 空间。Floyd 快慢指针 O(1) 空间:慢指针每次走一步,快指针每次走两步,若有环则必相遇。

代码

cpp
/**
 * Author by Rainboy
 */
// main.cpp:Floyd 快慢指针,O(n) O(1)。
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct ListNode {
    int val;
    ListNode *next;

    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
};

class Solution {
public:
    bool hasCycle(ListNode *head) {
        auto slow = head, fast = head;
        while (fast && fast->next) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
            if (slow == fast)
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
};

ListNode *build(istream &in, int n) {
    if (!n)
        return nullptr;
    auto head = new ListNode(0), cur = head;
    for (int i = 0, v; i < n; i++) {
        in >> v;
        cur->next = new ListNode(v);
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    return head->next;
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    auto head = build(cin, n);
    cout << Solution().hasCycle(head) << '\n';
    return 0;
}
python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.val = x
        self.next = None


class Solution:
    def hasCycle(self, head: ListNode) -> bool:
        slow = fast = head
        while fast and fast.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next
            if slow is fast:
                return True
        return False


def build(arr):
    dummy = cur = ListNode(0)
    for v in arr:
        cur.next = ListNode(v)
        cur = cur.next
    return dummy.next


def main() -> None:
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    head = build(a)
    print(Solution().hasCycle(head))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

复杂度

  • 时间复杂度:O(n)。
  • 空间复杂度:O(1)。

总结

Floyd 判环是快慢指针的经典应用。快指针每轮多走一步,在环内一定能追上慢指针。